Thoreaus Ideal Form of Government - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 502 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Civil Disobedience Essay Did you like this example? One has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. Henry David Thoreau explains the ideal government in his text Civil Disobedience. Thoreau wrote this text to explain and provide vivid information about his vision of an ideal government. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Thoreaus Ideal Form of Government" essay for you Create order When Thoreau describes a better government, he means one that is least based upon an abused system. Thoreaus ideal government would appeal to the peoples ideas rather than a single individual. Thoreau believes that in order for a government to become better it should consider not relying too much on it.One thing that Thoreau means by a better government is a government that appeals to the people. For instance, he says, An ideal government would command the respect of its citizens through its humanity, and his experience with contemporary American government forces him to accept the flaws of his government as far from the democratic ideal. In my opinion, this means the government would give into the peoples ideas rather than one individuals idea. He also includes, That government is best which governs least. I believe this quote is saying that the government is best when it is more systematic. I feel that he wants a more organized government instead of one that is less.Thirdly, Thoreau means a respective government about a better government. For example, Let every man make known what kind of government would command his respect, and that will be one step toward obtaining it. With this quote, Thoreau is saying that the government would need respect and being a part of it would be a step towards gaining respect. Also according to the text, After all, the practical reason why, when the power is once in the hands of the people, a majority are permitted, and for a long period continue, to rule is not because they are most likely to be in the right, nor because this seems fairest to the minority, but because they are physically the strongest. This statement from the text is Thoreaus way of explaining why the power should not be in the hands of one person because they would abuse the power because they are the strongest. He believes the power should be in the peoples control instead. Thoreau wants a structural and organized government. In conclusion, Thoreau means organized, collaborative, and respective by a better government. Thoreaus ideal government would appeal to the peoples ideas rather than a single individual. By a better government, Thoreau means a government that appeal to the people. He also believes that you can rely on a government too much and that you should avoid that. Thoreaus text Civil Disobedience was written to point out flaws in current governing systems as well as give his input on what his ideal government would look like and how it would run. Words Cited Henry David Thoreau. Civil Disobedience https://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper2/thoreau/civil.html English 265. Lecture Notes https://www4.ncsu.edu/~wdlloyd/thoreaunotes.htm Course Hero Civil Disobedience Quotes https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Civil-Disobedience/quotes/

The Rise in the Divorce Rate Essay - 1330 Words

The topic that I have chosen to do my research on is the rise in the divorce rate. The reason I have chosen this topic is because I myself have recently been through a divorce. I think everyone by now has heard that fifty-percent of marriages now a days end in divorce. So after going through a divorce myself I would like to know why that is.† Today 59% of the population is married down from 62% in 1990 and 72% in 1970. One of the first things I looked at was the average length of a marriage. I found that that average length of first marriages that end in divorce for males is 7.8 years and 7.9 for females. I found that interesting since my marriage lasted a little over seven years. A few other interesting statistics that I found where that†¦show more content†¦(Nakonezny, 1995) â€Å"The next thing I looked at where some of the myths surrounding divorce. I found a good article by David Popenoe about the top 10 divorce myths. Myth number 1. Because people learn from their bad experiences, second marriages tend to be more successful than first marriages. The fact is that although many people who divorce have successful subsequent marriages, the divorce rate of remarriages is in fact higher than that of first marriages. Myth number 2. Living together before marriage is a good way to reduce the chances of eventually divorcing. The facts on that myth are many studies have found that those who live together before marriage have a considerably higher chance of eventually divorcing. The reasons for this are not well understood. In part, the type of people who are willing to cohabit May also be those who are more willing to divorce. There is some evidence that the act of cohabitation itself generates attitudes in people that are more conducive to divorce, for examp le the attitude that relationships are temporary and easily can be ended. Myth number 3. : Divorce may cause problems for many of the children, who are affected by it, but by and large these problems are not long lasting and the children recover relatively quickly. The facts: Divorce increases the risk of interpersonal problems in children. There is evidence, both from smallShow MoreRelatedCohabitation and Its Effect on Rise in Divorce Rate1117 Words   |  5 PagesEffect of Cohabitation on the Rising Divorce Rate The rise of the divorce rate seems to be due to the lack of commitment or understanding of love and longevity in a marriage. Cohabitation can be defined as an arrangement whereby two people decide to live together on a long term or permanent basis in an emotionally and /or sexually intimate relationship (Brannon 2008). Cohabitation is seen as the best way to understand a prospective mate in terms of living and financial stabilityRead MoreThe Rise in Divorce Rate Essay examples925 Words   |  4 PagesThe sanctity of marriage has seemed to have disappeared with the arrival of the 21st century. Though marriage rates have always fluctuated in the past, current events have caused divorce rates to increase. According to recent statistics made by the census bureau, the divorce rate in America is roughly 50 percent. There are a myriad of speculations as to why more people are not staying together. One reason is that people are getting married for the wrong reasons, such as unplanned p regnanciesRead MoreDivorce808 Words   |  4 Pagestheir relationship so they choose to divorce, which is one of the solutions to cope with problems between a husband and wife. Most people claim to think carefully before they get married, but the divorce rates continue to increase. There are three main causes of divorce: the changing of a man and a woman s role, stress in modern living and the lack of communication between the married couple. The first significant cause of recent rise in the rates of divorce is that women completely change in rolesRead MoreThe Divorce Rate Of Divorce1123 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship, therefore they choose divorce, which is one of the solutions to cope with problems between husband and wife. Furthermore, most people think carefully before they get marriage. However, the divorce rates trend to continually increase nowadays, thus it might be argued that divorces can be taken place easier than the past. In the United States, researchers estimate that 40%–50% of all first marriages, and 60% of second marriages, will end in divorce. Divorce has always been present in AmericanRead MoreThe Divorce Rate Of America959 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce Rate Throughout time, practices that were once never used, become more common. In the 1600s divorce was a forbidden practice or a last resort. Since then, laws have changed, and so hasn’t the stigma related with divorce. The guilt and fault that divorce once carried has vanished. According to the book Should I Keep Trying to Work it out, â€Å"In the United States, researchers estimate that 40%–50% of all first marriages will end in divorce or permanent separation. The risk of divorce is evenRead MoreDivorse is on the Raise Essay736 Words   |  3 Pages-- the big divorce party?† (Gagnon 124) Marriage can be a beautiful thing, but some couples are unable to maintain their relationship, because they choose divorce as a solution to cope with the problems between husband and wife. Divorce is definitely on the rise. The usual explanations are communication, balance, and commitment, and its hard to disagree with them. Although age is assumed to be the main element of di vorce, research indicates that there are more explanations for divorce. â€Å"In theRead MoreMarriage Is An Age Old Tradition Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pagestwo nations. As people age there is intially a rise in marriages from the ages of 15 years up until late 40s and 50s, it then it drops off the older population becomes overall with the execption of Swedish men who exibit to peaks in their trajectories of marriage (Figure 1). Swedish women follow the overall trend with marriage peaking at the age of 40-44 with 53.5% of women married. It then falls slightly from the age of 45-49 and then begins to rise again until 65-69 where 57.8% are married in thisRead MoreThe Reasons for Changes in the Patterns of Marriage, Cohabitation and Divorce in the last 30 Years845 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Patterns of Marriage, Cohabitation and Divorce in the last 30 Years Over the last 30 years there has been a significant change in the pattern for marriage, co-habitation and divorce. There are many reasons for these changes that have taken place. For example, since 1971, when a divorce act was introduced, divorce has been more acceptable in todays society. This has slowly increased the figures of divorce at a steady rate. A downfall in religion has also contributedRead MoreCauses of Divorce Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesCause and Effect of Divorce In today’s society, divorce is more the norm than ever before. Forty percent of all marriages end in divorce. Divorce defined by Webster is the action or an instance of legally dissolving a marriage. Divorce itself is both a cause and effect. There are many causes of divorce. Some of the causes happen more often than others. For instance, the most common causes of divorce are poor communication, financial problems such as lack of money, lack of commitment to marriageRead MoreThe author I have chosen to use to write about is Laura Kipnis and her essay: Love’s Labors. For1700 Words   |  7 Pagesabout Divorce rates, and how they have been increasing over the years. Divorce can come about in many different ways, each unique in the reason of interest/motivation to get a divorce. Kipnis speaks entirely to an audience ripe for divorce; adulterers, fantasizers, the side chick/guy, or even the suspicious spouse. The reasons of increased divorce vary depending on the p eriod of time that you are looking at, or the situation in which the divorce is taking place. Due to the increased rates of divorce

Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About The Time Machine Essay Topics and How It Can Affect You

Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About The Time Machine Essay Topics and How It Can Affect You The Time Machine Essay Topics and the Time Machine Essay Topics - The Perfect Combination Khalfan Ibrahim Khalfan Al Khalfan is among the most honourable athletes currently. Qatar's qualification for those finals was among the best surprises. F. Bacon The main intention of the capital isn't to get as much money as possible, yet to guarantee that money results in a better life. If you're an attorney, you stay an attorney for life. The Argument About the Time Machine Essay Topics Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. You've got to compose an informative essay. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. It requires you to decide on a topic and take a position on it. As a college student, you're predicted to write premium quality essays. To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. A college essay topic may or might not be freely dependent on the student based on the course and the professor. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. Colleges can tell whenever your essay is merely a form essay. To compose an outstanding essay, it's important to use specific academic language. Having selected an excellent topic to argue about, at this point you need to make an argumentative essay outline. Regardless of what essay topic you were given, our essay generator will have the ability to finish your essay easily. Opt for an intriguing essay topic, and you'll begin enjoying it. If this is the case, you could have a great beginning to your expository essay. The Secret to the Time Machine Essay Topics You wish to translate that feeling in your paper. Man isn't a thing but a creature that could only be understood in the lengthy procedure of development. Leave yourself enough time to look at your paper to see whether you've covered the fundamentals. Write about the wellness issues American population face today and attempt to persuade the reader free medicine is the very best way out. Since you may see, the process is everywhere the same. The process isn't easy if you don't have enough info. The writing process is going to be a pleasure, and your reader will delight in reading your bit of academic writing. Look elsewhere in the business and you'll discover a variety of fun tools accessible to evaluate your writing, each checking different elements of your words. The emotional angle is likely to make your audience understand what you are saying and understand the situations you need to do with the arguments. Select a distinctive topic that others may not think of, and whatever you select, make certain you know a lot about it! Since it's such a huge subject, you are going to want to narrow your paper down to a particular angle. Groups which have a strategy aligned with the typical good will likely go extinct. Finding out how to compose interesting articles is really important. If you're confused with a number of interesting topics to research on the web, it's much better to determine what interests you the most. Deciding upon a persuasive topic is a legitimate art.

The Progressive Era Brought Great Change For America

The Progressive Era brought great change for America. The movement emerged during a time of great need in America. Corruption and poverty were continually growing problems. The Progressive Movement brought change for business and politics, and it also improved the daily life of an American. Looking back, the movement had its flaws. It lacked togetherness, and not all of its changes lasted. The nation’s businesses, and politics prior to the Progressive Movement is best described by Mark Twain in his book, The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. The nation was glittering and sparkling on the surface but corrupt underneath. In politics, the government looked the other way. In Joseph Keppler’s famous â€Å"Bosses of the Senate† cartoon, he depicted the big business owners as moneybags looking over the congressmen. This was an accurate view at how the government was run. The government never attempted anything that was against what the businesses wanted. If a politician did rebel, he would not win a reelection. Big businesses were continually growing, and along with it, disparity. The industries had no competition amongst each other. One person or group was in total control of an industry, and because of that, they could do as they pleased. Railroad rates, for example were as high as the owner wanted. Since there was only one railroad, people had no choice but to spend whatever the individual asked. Once the Progressive Era began, these political and business issues were taken care of.Show MoreRelatedThe Progressive Era Of The Gilded Age1455 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the progressive era there were many reform movements due to the abundance of political, social, and economical corruption in America in the gilded age as seen by political machines like William Marcy tweed and American financiers like J.P. Morgan. Some of the many issues that made themselves present in the gilded age include the large wealth gap, child labor, women’s lack of rights, influx of immigrants, Urbanization, Indian wars, monopolists, political machines, and alcoholism. All ofRead MoreProgressive Era And Liberal Era1382 Words   |  6 Pages DBQ Progressive Era Essay Many citizens throughout the Progressive Era believed no changes occurred in the society because the press did not write about the changes and the Woman’s Suffrage Movement did not change either. However, changes such as the government changing, both the labor and meat inspection reforms, and trusts reforms indeed brought about change, noticeable or not. Therefore, the Progressive era brought great social, political, and economic change by bettering the overall lives ofRead MoreThe Gilded Age : An Era Of Extreme Corruption1169 Words   |  5 PagesDuring their time in grade school, students are taught that after Reconstruction of the Civil War, America enters the Gilded Age from 1877 till about the 1890’s. Then the next era would be the Progressive Era beginning from where the Gilded Age left off till around 1920. Though these eras are accepted in the historical community, some historians argue that it is useless to label these two as separate eras in American history. One historian is Rebecca Edwards in her article Politics, Social Movement,Read MoreThe Progressive Era Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst World war. This brought about the industrialization and massive boom in immigration experienced at this period. Urbanization became key in the history of America and it has its influence in the attractiveness of the nation. The progressive era was from 1870 to 1916 which entered the period of urbanization in the United States. In the 19th century, a lot of European immigrants came into the States and this aided the speedy industrialization, people moved away from rural era without hesitation.Read MoreEssay on American Imperialism1074 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since its inception, America as a nation has developed and progressed according to trends of change that collectively define an era. Like all other eras, the time period of 1875-1925 experienced growth, changes, movements, and new ideals. It is the way that these cha nges came about that defines this era. Americans started to push for changes in many arenas of life that were previously unchallenged. New experiences and opportunities were also presented to America that caused tributaries in theRead MoreWar I And World War II1264 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II was complicated and both had their similarities and differences from each other. World War I (WWI) strengthened our international relations with many countries, It also deteriorated some relations as well and set the stage for America becoming a great power. World War II (WWII) had some of the same effects, solidating our bond with the Allies and breaking others, but also it had many differences. Our post-war foreign policy after WWI consisted of alliances, power, money, and enemiesRead MoreEssay on The Progression of the Role of Women in America1171 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the prism of time, women’s position in America has changed, especially during the periods of 1890 to 1925. Not only did things change economically for them but also politically. Many assumptions made about the nature of women affected their position drastically. From the era of 1890 to 1925 contributed to a considerable adjustment in the statements about the nature of women and a significant improvement in the general position of women in America. The development of the economy had changedRead MoreThe Progressive Era1003 Words   |  5 PagesThe Progressive Era Progressivism in the United States took place in the period between the Spanish-American War and the entry of the United States into the great World War. It was a time for change in America in all walks of life, as well as a time for reform. It was marked by Theodore Roosevelts 7 and a half years in office, the Rough Rider put it upon himself to make the first strides towards reform. These reforms included the cracking down on illegal monopolies and so forth. During thisRead MoreWomen During The Progressive Era987 Words   |  4 PagesWoman in the progressive era What is a woman’s role? Is it to be a housewife and take care of her husband and children? Or is it much more then that. Between the years 1897- 1917 the progressive era came of age. This era not only created rapid economic growth but also created a voice for woman. As woman began to have a voice they were ready to use it and make a change that would affect American history forever. The progressive era was an era of change. The great depression had just ended andRead More The Progressive Era Essay984 Words   |  4 Pages The Progressive Era nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Progressivism in the United States took place in the period between the Spanish-American War and the entry of the United States into the great World War. It was a time for change in America in all walks of life, as well as a time for reform. It was marked by Theodore Roosevelts 7 and a half years in office, the Rough Rider put it upon himself to make the first strides towards reform. These reforms included the cracking down on illegal monopolies

The Usa Beef Exported To Eu Is Safe And Should Not Be Banned Free Essays

string(151) " four decades have confirmed that the proper use of these compounds, according to approved registered labels, poses no risk to human or animal health\." It has been a decade since the European Union (EU) issued a 10-year ban of U. S. imported beef treated with hormone additives. We will write a custom essay sample on The Usa Beef Exported To Eu Is Safe And Should Not Be Banned or any similar topic only for you Order Now The primary reason set by EU was the fact that â€Å"scientific advertisers are convinced the hormone additives in beef are harmful to human health† (James, Barry 1999). Despite the fact that the World Trade Organization (WTO), the international body that regulates international trade policies and laws, ruled out the ban, the EU preferred to defy such ruling. Such a vital economic event posed multi-faceted effects in the international relations of both nations: economic, political, ethical and cultural relations. The main point is not the ban itself, rather, it is the fact that there has been no solid scientific evidences yet established by the EU before it ordered the ban on US hormone-treated beef. In fact, three neutral members of the WTO panel arbitrators ruled that the EU’s decade-old ban on the import of hormone-treated beef broke global trade rules (Thompson, Sharon R. 1999 cited in Orr, Rena 2001). This paper will focus on the health safety of hormone-treated beef exported by U. S. to the EU. In this premise, this paper will present facts and figures that will prove the safety claims relative to hormone additives using scientific studies by the representatives of both nations. The events leading up to the ban on the domestic use of hormones in cattle raising and on imports of hormone-treated beef are important in explaining the political longevity of the issue in Europe. In many ways the story begins with the emergence of non-governmental institutions, such as the consumer and environmental groups, together with the rise of the European Parliament, each cutting their political teeth on issues that appeared to resonate with public opinion. The beef-hormone controversy was made to measure for these organizations. Trade concerns were not dominant in the early years, and the disciplines applied by trade rules were in any case weak. European livestock producers were searching for ways to stimulate growth in cattle, and took eagerly to the use of hormones, but sometimes with inadequate knowledge of the consequences of misuse of such chemicals. Regulatory control sometimes slipped between the cracks, as coordination and harmonization of national regulations progressed haltingly in the European Union. The United States has about 90% of its beef production raised with growth hormones (Paulson, Michael 1999). Growth hormones are injected to cattle for the purpose of enhancing muscle and fat growth and thereby allowing cattle to produce more milk (Bald, Renee and Bill Bigelow 2002). The process is as simple as injecting tiny pellets of these hormones into the ears of the cattle (Jacobs, Paul 1999). Such hormones are approved and permitted to be legally used as per federal laws by ranchers in producing meaty and lean cows (Paulson, Michael 1999). There are generally six types of hormones used in beef production and three of these are natural sex hormones- testosterone, progesterone and oestradiol-17 beta (Bald, Renee and Bill Bigelow 2002). In the fact sheet published by Health Canada (2005), hormonal growth promoters are defined and explained as follows: â€Å"Hormonal growth promoters are naturally occurring or synthetic products. They are approved for use in beef cattle. The effect of hormonal growth promoters (HGPs) is to increase lean tissue growth. Fat deposition is reduced and since fat is so energy dense, food conversion efficiency is increased. The result is a healthier product which is produced at a lower cost to the consumer. † The fact sheet also defined the growth hormone somatotropin as â€Å"a naturally occurring substance in both humans and animals. It is responsible for skeletal, organ and cell growth’’ and Recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) as â€Å"a synthetic version of the naturally occurring growth hormone somatotropin which is approved for use in the US to increase the production of milk in dairy cattle. † The safety of growth promoters has been confirmed by the Codex Alementarius. Codex Alementarius with FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives recommended minimum daily intake of 17 beta estradiol, progesterone and testosterone but maximum residue limit was not indicated (Orr, Rena 2001). â€Å"This means that the available data on the identity and concentration of residues of the veterinary drug in animal tissues indicate a wide margin of safety for consumption of residues in food when the drug is used according to good practice in the use of veterinary drugs† (ibid). As background information, the Codex program is under the supervision and sponsorship of the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization. The said program aims to develop food standards that would fit the requirements or needs of participating nations of which as of 2001 as already 150 nations. Primarily, Codex program targets to minimize non-tariff trade barriers. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), on the other hand is an independent international arm composed of experts in food general health and safety issues. It is this international body that focuses on the scientific evaluation of a veterinary drug without consideration of government policies and politics (Orr, Rena 2001). Codex Alementarius with FAO/WHO concluded that the presence of drug residues does not present health concern and does not pose any health risk to humans (JECFA Fifty-second Meeting: Summary and Conclusions, 1999 cited in Orr, Rena 2001). In addition, JECFA concluded that there is no need to establish maximum residue levels for the hormones Estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone because the presence of residues would not present a health concern (ibid). The Lamming Committee convention (1982) and the Scientific Conference on Meat Production (1995) confirmed growth promoters are safe (Galvin, Timothy US Dept of Agriculture, 2000). Timothy Galvin is the Administrator of Foreign Agricultural Service of US Department of Agriculture. In his statement before the Subcommittee on Forestry, Conservation and Rural Revitalization, Galvin stressed that â€Å"the EU’s ban ignores a body of scientific evidence showing that the growth promotants in question are safe when used in accordance with good animal husbandry practices† (Galvin, 2000). Studies in the last four decades have confirmed that the proper use of these compounds, according to approved registered labels, poses no risk to human or animal health. You read "The Usa Beef Exported To Eu Is Safe And Should Not Be Banned" in category "Papers" EU’s own Scientific Conference on Growth Promotants held in 1995 reached the same conclusion (BBC News Online, May 13, 1999). In its statement released and published in BBC News Online on May 13, 1999, the United States speakers insist those experts from JECFA, FAO and WHO have already released its reconfirmation on the safety of growth hormones under accepted veterinary practice. With this, there should have been no reason to continue with the ban. In addition, they pointed out that â€Å"EU already presented these arguments to an impartial WTO dispute-settlement panel in 1997 and lost and even in its appeal a year after† (ibid). Galvin (2000) also stressed in his statement: â€Å"In each of its decisions, the WTO found that the EU beef hormone ban is not supported by an adequate risk analysis nor is there credible evidence to indicate that there are health risks associated with hormone-treated beef. † The US Food Administration, USDA and WTO and other researchers have concluded that growth hormones are safe if used properly (Lusk, et. al. 2003). Although EU consumers have negative perceptions as to the health hazards of genetically modified foods, of which hormone-treated beef belongs, it should not be a basis for the ban. Perceptions are clearly different from scientifically proven evidences of health risks. According to Bureau of Consumer Unions based in Brussels, EU consumers are demanding â€Å"risk-free† foods because of the phobia they got from past experiences of pesticide contaminated meats (Lusk, et. al. 2003). However, if we are to base on available facts from scientific studies, hormones are unlike pesticides that can pose health hazards when in food. In fact, there are studies that show that hormones are naturally present in infinitesimal amounts in all meat whether implanted or not (QA Growth Promoting Hormones, cited in Orr 2001). Aside from this, the National Cattlemen Beef Association (2001) stressed that â€Å"the amount of estrogen in plant-source foods is larger than in meat. A standard serving of potatoes contains 225 nanograms of estrogen while a three-ounce serving of beef from an implanted steer contains 1. 9 nanograms of estrogen. † Published in the Los Angeles Times in April 19, 1999, Paul Jacobs presented the argument of the US government that three of the six hormones used in beef production are legal as per federal laws and that these are hormones that are naturally in the human system, thus confirming the statement of the National Cattlemen Beef Association as stated above. Ironic to the EU ban, scientific panel organized by the EU agreed with the WTO stand that these hormones are perfectly safe (Jacobs, Paul 1999). Even if 17-beta estradiol has tumor initiating and promoting effects, the substance is freely available over the counter in the United States along with other hormone additives (James, Barry 1999). The human body naturally produces hormones in amounts greater than what is being consumed by eating meat or any food (National Cattlemen Beef Association cited in Orr, Rena 2001). â€Å"What often is not recognized is that the [natural] levels that are found in other animal foods, such as eggs or milk or butter, are substantially higher than those that occur in animal tissue as a result of use of these hormones† (Ellis, Richard cited in Jacobs, Paul 1999). Ellis is the director of scientific research oversight for the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Dan Glickman, the U. S. secretary of agriculture, also insists that â€Å"U. S. beef, whether grown with hormones or not, is absolutely safe, and that EU scientists have consistently failed to come up with proof to the contrary† (Barry, James 1999). EU is also fearful of the effect of rBST hormone, as one of the six hormones being used in cattle production in the US. The said hormone was said to have an effect of increasing the rate of infection in cattle. Although this is true, the infection is not applicable in humans (Bald, Renee and Bill Bigelow 2002). Another fear of the EU consumers and its government is the mutation effects of hormones. Although EU scientists identified at least one commonly used hormone (17 beta estradiol) as complete carcinogen, it was a common mistake to assume that the substance like other hormones causes cell mutation (James, Barry 1999). Such hormones are feared as endocrine disrupters which was explained by an American scientist as having an effect in the process of cell development but does not have solid explanation as to how it really works as of this moment (Sonnenschein, Carlos cited in Barry, James 1999). The scientist explained that â€Å"in assessing the risk of endocrine disrupters, therefore, it is necessary to consider their effect not only on individual cells but on the relations among cells. † In this ground, EU does not have the reasonable and supported evidence as to fearing the mutation effects of hormone-treated beef especially with humans. â€Å"Lacking proof, the EU can only fall back on observed effects, such as the specific distribution and observed increase of hormone-associated diseases, such as breast cancer and prostate cancer, in many countries of the world that may be caused by hormones and hormone-like substances in the human diet† (ibid). Growth promoting hormones has been used in the beef industry for decades by countries other than the U. S. The Health Protection Branch of Health Canada approved the use of natural hormones: 17 estradiol, progesterone, testosterone and synthetic hormones as zeranol, trenbolone acetate and melengestrol acetate (Taylor, 1983). The Center for Global Food Issues also has approved the safety of the growth hormones in beef production in relation to human health. There are three factors enumerated and explained by the scientific body. The first factor is the process by which the hormones are administered to the cattle. According to the authors, the doses of hormone implant are specific as to legal and authorized doses per FDA regulations (Avery, Alex and Dennis Avery 2008). The authors also stressed that â€Å"the implant ensures that the hormone is released into the animals’ bloodstream very slowly so that the concentration of the hormone in the animal remains relatively constant and low† (ibid). Here is an interesting fact stated by the authors: â€Å"Because the ear is discarded at harvest, the implant does not enter the food chain. † There is no way that cattle raisers or producers of hormone-treated beef will administer the hormone in excess of what is required since it will just bring them additional cost for such unnecessary step. This second factor stressed by Avery et. al. (2008) is very significant in proving the cattle raisers were stuck to the limits of hormone dosage and that is economically wise. IN fact, there is very little impact on weight gain when such hormone will be administered beyond required dosage. Avery (et. al. 2008) also stressed that USDA is conducting annual monitoring of hormone administration in cattle to ensure everything is done with proper precautions and safety measures. The third factor is relative to the dosage of hormones administered in cattle and its impact on hormone levels in beef. Even with reference to the natural hormones produced by the human body, such dosage is comparatively low level. â€Å"A pound of beef raised using estradiol contains approximately 15,000 times less of this hormone than the amount produced daily by the average man and about 9 million times less than the amount produced by a pregnant woman† (Avery, Alex et. al. 2008). According to JECFA’s calculation, even if a person is consuming one pound of beef and that the amount of hormone in such beef is at the highest level of ingestion amount (50 nanograms of estradiol, it is still less than one-thirtieth of the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of estradiol for a 75 pound child. This is based on the regulatory requirement set by WHO/FAO Expert Committee (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. 1999 cited in Avery, et. al. 2008). In a separate study, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), stated that â€Å"a person would need to eat over 13 pounds of beef from an implanted steer to equal the amount of estradiol naturally found in a single egg and that a glass of milk contains about nine times as much estradiol as a half-pound of beef from an implanted steer† (Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA 1999 cited in Avery et. al. 2008). Avery et. al. (2008) stressed that governing bodies that can prove the safety of hormone treated beef exported by the United States which include The European Agriculture Commission Scientific Conference on Growth Promotion in Meat Production (1995) and Sub-Group of the Veterinary Products Committee of the British Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food (1999). Having been proven of its safety, let us now look into the consumer preferences and awareness as to buying hormone-treated beef produced in the United States. Consumers are actually aware of Genetically Modified Foods (GM Foods) but are still willing to buy them. A survey on US consumers found that concern on the hazards of hormone residues in food ranked average on the list, even below the concerns for contaminants (bacteria and pesticides) (Kramer and Penner, cited in Lusk, et. al. 2003). In a separate study, by the Food Marketing Institute found that only 1% of consumers volunteered to be concerned with hormone residue (Lusk, et. al 2003). Apart from this, 65% of US consumers are aware of biotechnology, 73% of who were willing to buy GM foods while 21% biotechnology as health risk (Hoban, 1996). A survey of EU consumers found that consumer awareness of biotechnology ranged from 55 to 57% in France and the United Kingdom to 91% in Germany. Only 30% of German consumers were willing to buy GM foods whereas 57% viewed biotechnology as a health risk. In France and the United Kingdom, 60 and 63% were willing to buy GM foods with 38 and 39% viewed them as a health risk (Hoban 1996). An experimental auction found that consumers placed more value on the leanness of pork than the use of hormone itself (Lusk, et. al. 2003). A survey of US student consumers found that 70% were unwilling to pay a premium to exchange a bag of GM corn chips for a bag of non-GM corn chips but 20% were willing to pay at least $. 20/oz in exchange (Lusk, et. al. 2003). EU’s ban of US beef for safety reasons is baseless and a clear violation. WTO rules 3 times that the ban on the use of certain hormones to promote growth of cattle violated the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement (Galvin, Timothy, Foreign Agricultural Service, US Department of Agriculture, 2000). Europeans who traditionally get their beef from aging bulls and dairy cows–are sometimes subjected to far higher amounts of natural sex hormones than they would get from U. S. cattle. Americans point out that a slaughtered bull, for example, can have 10 times more natural testosterone in its flesh than a treated steer (Jacobs, Paul, The Los Angeles Times, 1999). Estrogen levels from treated cattle are, on average, 3% higher than the meat from an untreated animal. For testosterone and progesterone, the differences are less than one-tenth of 1% (Ellis, Richard, US Dept. of Agriculture cited in Jacobs, 1999). These evidences of the health safety of hormone-treated beef produced by the United States did not move the EU authorities and did not at all lift the ban. As of this time, there has been no solid scientific evidence yet presented by the EU authorities to justify the decade-long ban. Despite the continuing ban on US beef, the federal government, in cooperation with the USDA and the American livestock producers has been taking all the efforts they could possibly exert in keeping the market alive and growing without the EU market. What the government did was to support the cattle raisers and beef producers in seeking and developing new markets to make it up with the lost EU beef market which is undoubtedly significant to the US beef export. â€Å"As a result, U. S. beef exports represent one of the true success stories in our agricultural trade† (Galvin, 2000). Galvin stated that the United States is now able to export more than 80 percent of what is being imported based on volume, and the trade surplus in beef exceeds $1 billion annually. † The bottom line therefore is that the United States should not be wasting its time and resources in appealing to the EU to lift the ban on hormone-treated beef. This is primarily because it has already proven its case on the safety of the products. Secondly, the United States have proven itself able to establish and develop new markets and strategies to cover what is being lost in the ban. Lastly, the United States have all the resources to support the cattle and beef industry as it can with other industries so what it needs to focus now is to help the industry continue to rise. WORKS CITED Avery, Alex and Dennis Avery (2008). The Environmental Safety and Benefits of Growth Enhancing Pharmaceutical Technologies in Beef Production. Retrieved on March 22, 2008 from http://www. thecattlesite. com/articles/1240/the-environmental-safety-and-benefits-of-growth-enhancing-pharmaceutical-technologies-in-beef-production Bald, Renee and Bill Bigelow (2002). The Beef Hormone Controversy: Whose Free Trade? Retrieved on March 09, 2008 from http://www. rethinkingschools. org/publication/rg/RGBeef. shtml Battle over beef hormones. BBC News Online, May 13, 1999. Retrieved on March 09, 2008 from http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/business/the_economy/342310. stm Galvin, Timothy (2000). Statement of Timothy J. Galvin Administrator, Foreign Agricultural Service U. S. Department of Agriculture Before the Subcommittee on Forestry, Conservation and Rural Revitalization Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry, Washington, D. C. September 25, 2000. Retrieved on March 09, 2008 from http://www. fas. usda. gov/info/speeches/ct092500. html Health Canada (2005). Questions and Answers – Hormonal Growth Promoters. Retrieved on March 22, 2008 from http://www. hc-sc. gc. ca/dhp-mps/vet/faq/growth_hormones_promoters_croissance_hormonaux_stimulateurs_e. html Hormones in Cattle. Retrieved on March 09, 2008 from http://www. foodsafetynetwork. ca/en/article-details. php? a=4c=19sc=162id=308 Jacobs, Paul (1999). U. S. , Europe Lock Horns in Beef Hormone Debate. The Los Angeles Times, April 09, 1999. Retrieved on March 09, 2008 from http://www. organicconsumers. org/Toxic/beefhormone. cfm James, Barry (1999). Behind Contested EU Ban, a Scientific Puzzle: Battle to Prove Beef Hormone Risk. The Herald Tribune, October 18, 1999. Retrieved on March 09, 2008 from http://www. iht. com/articles/1999/10/18/snhorm. t. php Lusk, Jayson L. ; Roosen, Jutta ; Fox, John A. (2003). Demand for beef from cattle administered growth hormones of fed genetically modified corn: a comparison of consumers in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. Retrieved on March 09, 2008 from http://goliath. ecnext. com/coms2/summary_0199-2500157_ITM National Cattlemen Beef Association: Myths Facts about Beef Production: Hormones and Antibiotics. http://www. beef. org/librfacts/mythfact/mythfact_11. html in Orr, Rena (2001). Growth-promoting Hormones in Cattle. Retrieved on March 09, 2008 from http://www. foodsafetynetwork. ca/en/article-details. php? a=4c=19sc=162id=308 Orr, Rena (2001). Growth-promoting Hormones in Cattle. Retrieved on March 09, 2008 from http://www. foodsafetynetwork. ca/en/article-details. php? a=4c=19sc=162id=308 Paulson, Michael (1999). WTO Case File: The Beef Hormone Case. Seattle Post-Intelligencer, November 22, 1999. Retrieved on March 09, 2008 from http://seattlepi. nwsource. com/national/case22. shtml QA Growth Promoting Hormones: Contact: Julie Bousman 202-347-0228 http://hill. beef. org/ft/qagph. htm in Orr, Rena (2001). Growth-promoting Hormones in Cattle. Retrieved on March 09, 2008 from http://www. foodsafetynetwork. ca/en/article-details. php? a=4c=19sc=162id=308 Taylor, W. (1983): Risks Associated with the Exposure of Human Subjects to Endogenous and Exogenous Anabolic Steroids Anabolics in Animal Production. OIE p 273-287 in Orr, Rena (2001). Growth-promoting Hormones in Cattle. Retrieved on March 09, 2008 from http://www. foodsafetynetwork. ca/en/article-details. php? a=4c=19sc=162id=308 Thompson, Sharon R (1999): International Harmonization Issues. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. Vol 15 No 1, 181-195 in Orr, Rena (2001). Growth-promoting How to cite The Usa Beef Exported To Eu Is Safe And Should Not Be Banned, Papers

Pornography as Art free essay sample

Art vs. Pornography I believe that pornography exists for the sole purpose of making money from arousal. Art is a form of expression that has essential meaning. Pornography is vulgar while art is expressive and enlightening. Art becomes pornography when it‘s not use in a right way, and when it expresses nothing but mere sexual arousal. Art makes you think, on the other hand, pornography does not, it makes you react by instinct, mere carnal desire. The subject of pornography is for sexual intentions only. Art has a very broad subject, though some of the artworks has a nude content on it, it is not use to give sexual pleasure but to represent something intelligently. Nudity as a form of art â€Å"They do this in the name of realistic truth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In my opinion, nudity is very different in pornography, and it’s easy to determine the difference of these two things. We will write a custom essay sample on Pornography as Art or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nudity can be consider as a part of an art but it has its limits, if the whole content of the work is only about nudity and sex, then I can say that its pornography. In art the subject is not the sexuality of the person, but the sensuality, innocence, and humanity of the subject as well as the vulnerability. Theres also a big difference in the way the subject is posed. In porn the sexual parts of the body are the main focus. In art you may see the sexual parts, but it is shown properly and surely not erotic. The lines of the body and the face are the true focus with the back and for grounds receiving just as much attention. Another way to tell this is by the lighting. If you look at the lighting in porn its not focused on the face, but the sexual areas. The light in art is focused on the face primarily since it is emotion that is the main focus. Opposed to truth about the human person It is clearly evident that the effects of pornography are harmful and destructive to the human mind and body. Pornography causes a lowering of the moral atmosphere of the individual, thus the community as a whole. It gradually destroys the values of that community What is the Christians Response? Is that not the main function of pornography? To cause the sexual arousal in its viewers. To arouse desires that can only be rightly fulfilled in marriage? Even as an art form, would it not cause the same effect? It can be seen that pornography is clearly a defiler of man and something that should be avoided, as all sin. The Christians response is obvious. If one is to be right in the sight of God then they must abstain from the lusts of the flesh. They must avoid pornography. .